Fig. 4

Principal coordinates’ analysis of beta diversity based on Bray Curtis dissimilarities for bedrail, keyboard, and sink samples. Color denotes renovation stages (before closure, purple; after closure, red; before opening, blue; after opening, orange). Ellipses are drawn at 95% confidence intervals for each renovation stage. Significance determined by ANOSIM with 999 permutations for renovation stages and denoted in the corner of each panel *p < 0.05